The similarities between him and Tyrone are very close, and suggest that Glendower is based off of the Earl of Tyrone. In the play, Glendower is one of the rebels. Tyrone was the driving force behind the uprising of the Welsh, Scottish, and Irish, which is the “rebel” group mentioned in 1 Henry IV (Highley, 88). He gave them the means of starting a large uprising against the English, even getting the Irish trained in firearms, ironically by one of the Queen’s men, Sir John Perrot. At the core of this coalition was a ‘developing confederacy’ of the Ulster lords” (Highley, 88). “If Tyrone, “The arch-traitor”, seemed to some observers to be single-handedly confounding English authority, he was n fact the leader of a diffuse coalition of families, factions, and groups including Scots, Welsh, and Spaniards. He turned the Irish into a well trained army instead of the primitive army that they had been before. He was meant to return to England and prove his loyalties to the crown, then receive a pardon after a year. He indirectly opposed the Queen and England by supporting his kinsmen and allies in skirmishes against the English, and was declared a traitor in 1595 when he led his first direct attack against the crown’s forces. In 1595 he accepted the title “The O’Neill”, an outlawed Gaelic title. After about a decade, Tyrone’s loyalties started coming into question. In 1567 Hugh O’Neill was told to go to Ireland and be the representative of England, and made him the Earl of Tyrone in recognition of his hard work for England. In reengaging with the problem of Ireland, the play works at a topical level, encoding and exploring various historical figures, events, and patterns.” (Highley, 87). “In 1 Henry IV it is the specter of rebellion within Ireland that haunts the action and calls forth an extended, if always oblique, consideration of the unrest’s sources, dynamics, and solutions. The people of the time were aware of the problems occurring with the Irish, and most likely picked up on the true war better than an audience today would. Elizabethan audiences were attuned to such nuances and could make the topical connection” (Wood, 232). “In his history cycle, especially Henry IV part 1, Shakespeare tackled past English wars with Celtic neighbors. The situation between Ireland and England had an impact on Shakespeare’s First part of Henry IV.ġ Henry IV was written at a time when there was a discord between Ireland and England. The two men are very similar in their histories, their plots against the English throne, and in their rebellions. Tyrone was said to be a rebel to the throne, going against the Queen’s wishes after he gained what he wanted from her, which fits with the rebels of the play going against England (Highley, 88). It is believed that the character Glyndwyr, or Glendower in the play is the representation of Tyrone in Shakespeare’s world, the man that Mortimer lost a battle to in the beginning, through certain clues given throughout the play (Hoenselaars, Kennedy, 48-49). In real life, Tyrone, also known as Hugh O’Neill, was the representative of the queen in Ireland, but was secretly working on uniting Wales and Scotland with Ireland against England (Highley, 88). In the play, the “rebels” unite Wales and Ireland against England. The people of England at the time would recognize the similarities in the Welsh uprising in the play and the Irish uprising in real life. At the time, there was a discord going on with Wales, Scotland, and Ireland on one side against England. The first part of Henry IV, written by William Shakespeare, is influenced by the Earl of Tyrone and what was going on with Ireland at the time. The Earl of Tyrone and 1 Henry IV The Earl of Tyrone and 1 Henry IV